Here’s a minimal yet flexible Ansible playbook to deploy routes in Kong Gateway using the uri module to interact with the Admin API. This example assumes:

• Kong Admin API is accessible (e.g. http://localhost:8001).
• A service is already defined (or you can create one using Ansible).
• You’re deploying a route for an existing service.

✅ Example Directory Layout

kong_routes/
├── playbook.yml
└── vars/
    └── routes.yml

📄 vars/routes.yml

kong_admin_url: "http://localhost:8001"

kong_routes:
  - name: route1
    service: example-service
    paths: ["/example"]
    methods: ["GET"]
    strip_path: true

📄 playbook.yml

- name: Deploy Routes to Kong
  hosts: localhost
  connection: local
  vars_files:
    - vars/routes.yml
  tasks:
    - name: Ensure route exists in Kong
      uri:
        url: "{{ kong_admin_url }}/routes"
        method: POST
        body_format: json
        headers:
          Content-Type: "application/json"
        body: >-
          {
            "name": "{{ item.name }}",
            "paths": {{ item.paths | to_json }},
            "methods": {{ item.methods | to_json }},
            "strip_path": {{ item.strip_path }},
            "service": { "name": "{{ item.service }}" }
          }
        status_code: 201
      loop: "{{ kong_routes }}"
      ignore_errors: true  # optional: prevents failure if route exists

✅ Optional: Create Service First

Add this before the route task if needed:

    - name: Ensure service exists
      uri:
        url: "{{ kong_admin_url }}/services"
        method: POST
        body_format: json
        headers:
          Content-Type: "application/json"
        body: >-
          {
            "name": "{{ item.service }}",
            "url": "http://mockbin.org"  # change to your backend URL
          }
        status_code: 201
      loop: "{{ kong_routes }}"
      ignore_errors: true

Would you like this to support idempotency (check if the route already exists and update it), or include support for Kong Konnect or authentication headers (e.g. RBAC tokens)?

headers:
Content-Type: “application/json”
Authorization: “Bearer {{ kong_admin_token }}”

To export a Kong service with its route(s) and plugin(s) and re-deploy it via Ansible, follow this structured approach:

Step 1: Export Kong Configuration (Service + Route + Plugins)

Use Kong’s Admin API or deck (Kong’s declarative configuration tool).

Option A: Use deck

deck dump –select-tag my-service-tag –output-file exported.yaml

🔹 Tagging helps isolate what to export (tag services, routes, plugins with my-service-tag beforehand).
🔹 You can also export the full config with deck dump.

Option B: Use cURL (for manual/scripted extraction)

# Get service

curl -s http://<KONG_ADMIN&gt;:8001/services/my-service > service.json

# Get route(s) for the service

curl -s http://<KONG_ADMIN&gt;:8001/services/my-service/routes > routes.json

# Get plugins for the service

curl -s http://<KONG_ADMIN&gt;:8001/services/my-service/plugins > plugins.json

 Step 2: Transform into Ansible-compatible format

Create a folder structure:

kong/

├── files/

│   └── exported.yaml  # if using deck

├── templates/

│   └── service.json.j2

│   └── routes.json.j2

│   └── plugins.json.j2

└── tasks/

    └── deploy-kong.yml

✅ Step 3: Create Ansible Playbook

If using deck:

# tasks/deploy-kong.yml

– name: Deploy config to Kong via deck

  ansible.builtin.command:

    cmd: “deck sync –state exported.yaml”

  args:

    chdir: “{{ playbook_dir }}/files”

If using cURL approach (raw API):

- name: Create service in Kong
  uri:
    url: "http://{{ kong_admin_host }}:8001/services"
    method: POST
    body: "{{ lookup('file', 'templates/service.json.j2') | from_json }}"
    body_format: json
    status_code: [201, 409]  # 409 = already exists
    headers:
      Content-Type: "application/json"

- name: Create route for the service
  uri:
    url: "http://{{ kong_admin_host }}:8001/services/{{ service_name }}/routes"
    method: POST
    body: "{{ lookup('file', 'templates/routes.json.j2') | from_json }}"
    body_format: json
    status_code: [201, 409]
    headers:
      Content-Type: "application/json"

- name: Add plugins to service
  uri:
    url: "http://{{ kong_admin_host }}:8001/services/{{ service_name }}/plugins"
    method: POST
    body: "{{ lookup('file', 'templates/plugins.json.j2') | from_json }}"
    body_format: json
    status_code: [201, 409]
    headers:
      Content-Type: "application/json"

Step 4: Run Playbook

ansible-playbook deploy-kong.yml -e “kong_admin_host=your.kong.gateway”

 Optional: Use Tags to Scope with deck

Tag services during creation to support selective dumps later:

curl -X PATCH http://localhost:8001/services/my-service \

  –data “tags=my-service-tag”

example of j2

{
  "name": "my-service",
  "host": "example.internal",
  "port": 8080,
  "protocol": "http",
  "path": "/api",
  "connect_timeout": 60000,
  "write_timeout": 60000,
  "read_timeout": 60000,
  "retries": 5,
  "tags": ["exported", "my-tag"]
}

Full ansible playbook 

---
- name: Deploy Kong service with routes and plugins
  hosts: kong
  gather_facts: no
  vars:
    kong_admin_url: "{{ kong_admin_host | default('http://localhost:8001') }}"
  tasks:

    - name: Load service JSON
      set_fact:
        service_payload: "{{ lookup('file', 'templates/service.json.j2') | from_json }}"

    - name: Create service
      uri:
        url: "{{ kong_admin_url }}/services"
        method: POST
        body: "{{ service_payload }}"
        body_format: json
        status_code: [201, 409]
        headers:
          Content-Type: "application/json"

    - name: Load routes JSON (could be a single or multiple routes)
      set_fact:
        routes_payload: "{{ lookup('file', 'templates/routes.json.j2') | from_json }}"

    - name: Create route(s) for the service
      uri:
        url: "{{ kong_admin_url }}/services/{{ service_payload.name }}/routes"
        method: POST
        body: "{{ item }}"
        body_format: json
        status_code: [201, 409]
        headers:
          Content-Type: "application/json"
      loop: "{{ routes_payload | type_debug == 'list' | ternary(routes_payload, [routes_payload]) }}"

    - name: Load plugins JSON
      set_fact:
        plugins_payload: "{{ lookup('file', 'templates/plugins.json.j2') | from_json }}"

    - name: Add plugin(s) to the service
      uri:
        url: "{{ kong_admin_url }}/services/{{ service_payload.name }}/plugins"
        method: POST
        body: "{{ item }}"
        body_format: json
        status_code: [201, 409]
        headers:
          Content-Type: "application/json"
      loop: "{{ plugins_payload }}"

#!/bin/bash

# === CONFIGURATION ===
LICENSE_FILE="/path/to/your/maprlicense.txt"
PRIMARY_NODE="cldb-node.example.com"   # change to your CLDB node hostname or IP

# === STEP 1: Copy license to the primary node ===
echo "Copying license file to $PRIMARY_NODE..."
scp "$LICENSE_FILE" "$PRIMARY_NODE:/tmp/maprlicense.txt"

# === STEP 2: Add the license on the cluster ===
echo "Adding license using maprcli on $PRIMARY_NODE..."
ssh "$PRIMARY_NODE" "sudo maprcli license add -license /tmp/maprlicense.txt"

# === STEP 3: Verify license ===
echo "Verifying license status..."
ssh "$PRIMARY_NODE" "sudo maprcli license list -json | jq ."

echo "✅ License added and verified successfully!"


How Cluster ID is normally generated
When you first install MapR, you run something like:


sudo /opt/mapr/server/configure.sh -C <cldb-nodes> -Z <zookeeper-nodes> -N <cluster-name>
When configure.sh runs for the first time:

It creates /opt/mapr/conf/clusterid

It creates /opt/mapr/conf/mapr-clusters.conf

It registers your node with CLDB

The Cluster ID is a random large number, created automatically.

If you need to (re)generate a Cluster ID manually:
If you're setting up a new cluster, and no CLDB is initialized yet, you can force generate a Cluster ID like this:

Stop Warden if running:


sudo systemctl stop mapr-warden
Clean old config (careful, if cluster already had data, don't do this):


sudo rm -rf /opt/mapr/conf/clusterid
sudo rm -rf /opt/mapr/conf/mapr-clusters.conf
Re-run configure.sh:

Example:


sudo /opt/mapr/server/configure.sh -N mycluster.example.com -C cldb-node1,cldb-node2 -Z zk-node1,zk-node2
-N: Cluster Name

-C: CLDB nodes

-Z: ZooKeeper nodes

After that:
cat /opt/mapr/conf/clusterid
→ You will now see the new Cluster ID!

How Cluster ID is normally generated
When you first install MapR, you run something like:

sudo /opt/mapr/server/configure.sh -C <cldb-nodes> -Z <zookeeper-nodes> -N <cluster-name>
When configure.sh runs for the first time:

It creates /opt/mapr/conf/clusterid

It creates /opt/mapr/conf/mapr-clusters.conf

It registers your node with CLDB

✅ The Cluster ID is a random large number, created automatically.

🔥 If you need to (re)generate a Cluster ID manually:
If you're setting up a new cluster, and no CLDB is initialized yet, you can force generate a Cluster ID like this:

Stop Warden if running:

bash
Copy
Edit
sudo systemctl stop mapr-warden
Clean old config (careful, if cluster already had data, don't do this):

bash
Copy
Edit
sudo rm -rf /opt/mapr/conf/clusterid
sudo rm -rf /opt/mapr/conf/mapr-clusters.conf
Re-run configure.sh:

Example:

bash
Copy
Edit
sudo /opt/mapr/server/configure.sh -N mycluster.example.com -C cldb-node1,cldb-node2 -Z zk-node1,zk-node2
-N: Cluster Name

-C: CLDB nodes

-Z: ZooKeeper nodes

After that:

bash
Copy
Edit
cat /opt/mapr/conf/clusterid
→ You will now see the new Cluster ID!

Why choose Kong Konnect over self-managed Kong Gateway?

• Faster to deploy: no need to install, configure, secure Control Plane.
• Zero maintenance: no patching, backups, upgrades for control plane.
• Global availability: Control Plane is multi-region by default.
• Modern features: You get new Kong features faster (Konnect users get earlier access).
• Built-in observability: native dashboards, logging, analytics ready.
• Multi-tenant support: You can separate teams, apps, etc easily.
• Reduced DevOps overhead: focus only on managing lightweight Data Planes.

Great question — JWTs and client certificates are both authentication methods, but they are not directly dependent on each other. They solve different security goals, and in some advanced setups, they can complement each other.

Let’s break it down:

🔄 JWT vs. Client Certificate — Purpose

Invalid status code received from the token endpoint” means Kong tried to exchange an authorization code for a token, but the PingFederate token endpoint replied with an error

302 Found:

• Kong redirects the client to the authorization endpoint of PingFederate.
• This is normal behavior during the initial OIDC flow (when no token is present).

401 Unauthorized (after redirect):

• The client is redirected back to Kong with an authorization code.
• Then Kong calls the token endpoint to exchange code → tokens.
• But this step fails (e.g., bad client credentials, redirect URI mismatch, wrong token endpoint).
• Result: 401 Unauthorized, often shown to the user after the browser returns from the IdP.

A 400 Bad Request from the OpenID Connect token endpoint usually means something is wrong with the request payload you’re sending. This often happens during a token exchange or authorization code flow.

Let’s troubleshoot it step by step:

🔍 Common Causes of 400 from Token Endpoint

1. Invalid or missing parameters
   • Missing grant_type, client_id, client_secret, code, or redirect_uri
   • Using wrong grant_type (e.g., should be authorization_code, client_credentials, refresh_token, etc.)
2. Mismatched or invalid redirect URI
   • Must match the URI registered with the provider exactly.
3. Invalid authorization code
   • Expired or already used.
4. Invalid client credentials
   • Bad client_id / client_secret
5. Wrong Content-Type
   • The request should be: bashCopyEditContent-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded

To know why Ping returned 400, you need to:

1. Check PingFederate logs – often shows detailed error like:

Invalid redirect_uri
Invalid client credentials
Unsupported grant_type

Kong is probably misconfigured or failing to capture the code from the redirect step before trying the token exchange.

This usually happens due to:

• Misconfigured redirect_uri
• Missing or misrouted callback handling (/callback)
• Client app hitting the wrong route first
• Kong OIDC plugin misconfigured (missing session_secret, or improper auth_methods)

Troubleshooting

Migrating from Kong Gateway (self-managed/on-prem) to Kong Konnect (cloud-managed) involves a combination of:

• Exporting your current Kong configuration
• Translating any on-prem customizations or plugins
• Importing services and routes into Konnect
• Updating auth, plugins, and Dev Portal configuration
• Re-pointing your traffic and observability tools

Here’s a step-by-step migration plan with optional tooling for automation:

Step 1: Inventory Your Current Kong Gateway

Start by identifying all current components:

• Services
• Routes
• Plugins
• Consumers & credentials
• RBAC users & roles
• Custom plugins (if any)
• Certificates
• Upstreams / Targets
• Rate limiting or security policies

You can use:

deck dump --kong-addr http://<admin-api>:8001 --output-file kong-export.yaml

This uses decK, a declarative config tool for Kong.

Step 2: Set Up Kong Konnect

1. Sign up for Kong Konnect
2. Create a Runtime Group (this is where your data plane will connect)
3. Install Kong Gateway (with Konnect mode) as the Data Plane: curl -O https://download.konghq.com/gateway-3.x-centos/Packages/k/kong-3.x.rpm Configure it with: yamlCopyEditrole: data_plane cluster_control_plane: <Konnect CP endpoint> cluster_telemetry_endpoint: <Telemetry CP endpoint>

Step 3: Translate & Import Configuration

Use decK to sync into Konnect:

bashCopyEditdeck sync --konnect-runtime-group <runtime-group-name> \
          --konnect-token <your-token> \
          --state kong-export.yaml

DecK v1.16+ supports direct Konnect import via --konnect flags.

Note: decK does not migrate:

• RBAC user roles
• Developer Portal assets (you’ll need to re-upload manually)
• Custom plugins (must be re-implemented and built for Konnect if supported)

Step 4: Migrate Authentication & Plugins

• Consumers / Auth: Recreate consumers in Konnect or use Konnect Dev Portal to register apps
• Certificates: Re-upload any TLS certs to Konnect
• Custom Plugins: Migrate only if they are supported on Kong Konnect. Otherwise, consider rewriting logic using Lua/Python and submit to Kong support if needed.

Step 5: Reconfigure Observability

Kong Konnect offers built-in integrations:

• Logs: Datadog, HTTP log, Splunk (via plugin)
• Metrics: Prometheus, Kong Vitals
• Use the Konnect GUI or API to configure logging plugins

Step 6: Redirect Traffic to Konnect Runtime

• Update DNS or Load Balancer to send traffic to new Konnect Data Plane IPs
• Perform traffic shadowing/canary if needed

Final Step: Validation & Cutover

• Smoke test all endpoints
• Test rate limits, auth flows, consumer access
• Validate logs and metrics collection
• Disable/decommission legacy Kong Gateway only after validation

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