---
- name: Install Specified Kong Plugins Globally
  hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - name: Define Kong Plugins with Configurations
      set_fact:
        kong_plugins:
          - name: "correlation-id"
            config:
              header_name: "Kong-Request-ID"
              generator: "uuid"
              echo_downstream: true
          - name: "http-log"
            config:
              http_endpoint: "http://your-logging-service.local/logs"
              method: "POST"
              timeout: 10000
              keepalive: 60000
          - name: "jwt"
            config: {}
          - name: "ldap-auth-advanced"
            config:
              ldap_host: "ldap.yourdomain.com"
              ldap_port: 389
              start_tls: false
              verify_ldap_host: true
              base_dn: "dc=yourdomain,dc=com"
              attribute: "uid"
              cache_ttl: 60
              timeout: 10000
              keepalive: 60000
          - name: "mtls-auth"
            config:
              ca_certificates: ["<CA_CERTIFICATE>"]
              depth: 1
              cache_ttl: 60
          - name: "openid-connect"
            config:
              issuer: "https://your-oidc-provider.com"
              client_id: "your-client-id"
              client_secret: "your-client-secret"
              redirect_uri: "https://your-kong-instance.com/redirect"
              scopes: ["openid", "profile", "email"]
          - name: "request-termination"
            config:
              status_code: 403
              message: "Forbidden"
              content_type: "text/plain"

    - name: Ensure Specified Plugins Are Installed Globally
      uri:
        url: "http://localhost:8001/plugins"
        method: POST
        body_format: json
        body:
          name: "{{ plugin.name }}"
          config: "{{ plugin.config | default({}) }}"
        status_code: [201, 409]  # 201 = Created, 409 = Conflict (Already Exists)
      loop: "{{ kong_plugins }}"
      loop_control:
        loop_var: plugin
      register: plugin_response
      ignore_errors: yes

    - name: Debug Plugin Deployment Responses
      debug:
        var: plugin_response.results

-

inventory file

---
# mapr_cluster_installation.yml
# Ansible playbook to install MapR 7.8 on a 3-node on-premises cluster

- name: Prepare all nodes for MapR 7.8 installation
  hosts: mapr_cluster
  become: yes
  gather_facts: yes
  vars:
    mapr_version: "7.8.0"
    mapr_mep_version: "10.1.0"
    java_version: "java-11-openjdk"
    cluster_name: "mapr78cluster"
  tasks:
    - name: Update apt cache
      apt:
        update_cache: yes
      when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"

    - name: Update yum cache
      yum:
        update_cache: yes
      when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

    - name: Install required packages
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - "{{ java_version }}"
        - "{{ java_version }}-devel"
        - ntp
        - openssh-server
        - sysstat
        - wget
        - net-tools
        - tar
        - lsof
        - python3
        - chrony
        - dnsmasq

    - name: Set system limits for MapR
      pam_limits:
        domain: '*'
        limit_type: "{{ item.limit_type }}"
        limit_item: "{{ item.limit_item }}"
        value: "{{ item.value }}"
      loop:
        - { limit_type: 'soft', limit_item: 'nofile', value: '64000' }
        - { limit_type: 'hard', limit_item: 'nofile', value: '64000' }
        - { limit_type: 'soft', limit_item: 'nproc', value: '64000' }
        - { limit_type: 'hard', limit_item: 'nproc', value: '64000' }
        - { limit_type: 'soft', limit_item: 'stack', value: 'unlimited' }
        - { limit_type: 'hard', limit_item: 'stack', value: 'unlimited' }

    - name: Disable SELinux
      selinux:
        state: disabled
      when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

    - name: Disable firewall
      service:
        name: "{{ firewall_service }}"
        state: stopped
        enabled: no
      vars:
        firewall_service: "{{ 'ufw' if ansible_os_family == 'Debian' else 'firewalld' }}"

    - name: Set kernel parameters for MapR
      sysctl:
        name: "{{ item.name }}"
        value: "{{ item.value }}"
        state: present
        reload: yes
      loop:
        - { name: 'vm.swappiness', value: '1' }
        - { name: 'net.core.somaxconn', value: '4096' }
        - { name: 'net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout', value: '30' }
        - { name: 'net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time', value: '60' }
        - { name: 'net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl', value: '10' }
        - { name: 'net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes', value: '3' }
        - { name: 'vm.overcommit_memory', value: '0' }

    - name: Disable transparent hugepages
      shell: |
        echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
        echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag
      args:
        warn: no

    - name: Make transparent hugepages setting persistent
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/rc.local
        line: "echo never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled\necho never > /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/defrag"
        create: yes
        mode: 0755

    - name: Add MapR 7.8 repository for RedHat
      yum_repository:
        name: mapr-core
        description: MapR 7.8.0 Core Repository
        baseurl: https://package.mapr.hpe.com/releases/v7.8.0/redhat/
        gpgcheck: no
        enabled: yes
      when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

    - name: Add MapR 7.8 MEP repository for RedHat
      yum_repository:
        name: mapr-mep
        description: MapR 7.8.0 MEP Repository
        baseurl: https://package.mapr.hpe.com/releases/MEP/MEP-{{ mapr_mep_version }}/redhat/
        gpgcheck: no
        enabled: yes
      when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
      
    - name: Add MapR 7.8 ecosystem repository for RedHat
      yum_repository:
        name: mapr-ecosystem
        description: MapR 7.8.0 Ecosystem Repository
        baseurl: https://package.mapr.hpe.com/releases/ecosystem-{{ mapr_version }}/redhat/
        gpgcheck: no
        enabled: yes
      when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"

    - name: Add MapR 7.8 repository for Debian
      apt_repository:
        repo: deb https://package.mapr.hpe.com/releases/v7.8.0/ubuntu binary focal
        state: present
      when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"

    - name: Add MapR 7.8 MEP repository for Debian
      apt_repository:
        repo: deb https://package.mapr.hpe.com/releases/MEP/MEP-{{ mapr_mep_version }}/ubuntu binary focal
        state: present
      when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"
      
    - name: Add MapR 7.8 ecosystem repository for Debian
      apt_repository:
        repo: deb https://package.mapr.hpe.com/releases/ecosystem-{{ mapr_version }}/ubuntu binary focal
        state: present
      when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"

    - name: Create MapR user
      user:
        name: mapr
        createhome: yes
        shell: /bin/bash

    - name: Set password for MapR user
      user:
        name: mapr
        password: "{{ 'mapr123' | password_hash('sha512') }}"

    - name: Create MapR install directory
      file:
        path: /opt/mapr
        state: directory
        owner: mapr
        group: mapr
        mode: 0755

    - name: Setup Chrony
      template:
        src: chrony.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/chrony.conf
      notify: restart chrony
      when: inventory_hostname in groups['mapr_ntp']

    - name: Start Chrony service
      service:
        name: chronyd
        state: started
        enabled: yes

  handlers:
    - name: restart chrony
      service:
        name: chronyd
        state: restarted

- name: Install MapR Core on all nodes
  hosts: mapr_cluster
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Install MapR core packages
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - mapr-core
        - mapr-fileserver

    - name: Install ZooKeeper package
      package:
        name: mapr-zookeeper
        state: present
      when: inventory_hostname in groups['mapr_zookeeper']

- name: Configure CLDB nodes
  hosts: mapr_cldb
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Install CLDB package
      package:
        name: mapr-cldb
        state: present

- name: Configure MapR control system node
  hosts: mapr_webserver
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Install MapR Control System (MCS)
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - mapr-webserver
        - mapr-apiserver
        - mapr-adminui

    - name: Install MapR Monitoring components
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - mapr-grafana
        - mapr-collectd
        - mapr-opentsdb

- name: Install additional components on appropriate nodes
  hosts: mapr_cluster
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Install Hadoop ecosystem components
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - mapr-hadoop-core
        - mapr-hadoop-client
      when: inventory_hostname in groups['mapr_hadoop']

    - name: Install Hive components
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - mapr-hive
        - mapr-hiveserver2
        - mapr-hivemetastore
      when: inventory_hostname in groups['mapr_hive']

    - name: Install Spark components
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - mapr-spark
        - mapr-spark-historyserver
      when: inventory_hostname in groups['mapr_spark']

    - name: Install Drill components
      package:
        name: mapr-drill
        state: present
      when: inventory_hostname in groups['mapr_drill']

    - name: Install Hbase components
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - mapr-hbase
        - mapr-hbasethrift
      when: inventory_hostname in groups['mapr_hbase']

    - name: Install data science components
      package:
        name: "{{ item }}"
        state: present
      loop:
        - mapr-data-access-gateway
        - mapr-asynchbase
      when: inventory_hostname in groups['mapr_datascience']

- name: Configure disks for MapR-FS
  hosts: mapr_cluster
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Create disk list file
      copy:
        content: |
          {% for disk in mapr_disks %}
          {{ disk }} -force
          {% endfor %}
        dest: /tmp/disks.txt
      vars:
        mapr_disks:
          - /dev/sdb
          - /dev/sdc
      
    - name: Initialize the disks for MapR-FS
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/disksetup -F /tmp/disks.txt
      args:
        creates: /opt/mapr/logs/disksetup.log

- name: Configure and start the MapR cluster
  hosts: mapr_cldb[0]
  become: yes
  vars:
    cluster_name: "mapr78cluster"
    mapr_security: "disabled"  # Change to "enabled" for secure clusters
  tasks:
    - name: Configure the cluster
      shell: >
        /opt/mapr/server/configure.sh -N {{ cluster_name }} 
        -C {{ groups['mapr_cldb'] | join(',') }} 
        -Z {{ groups['mapr_zookeeper'] | join(',') }} 
        -no-autostart
        {% if mapr_security == "enabled" %}
        -secure -dare
        {% endif %}
      args:
        creates: /opt/mapr/conf/mapr-clusters.conf

    - name: Start ZooKeeper services on ZooKeeper nodes
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node services -name zookeeper -action start
      register: start_zk
      failed_when: start_zk.rc != 0 and "already running" not in start_zk.stderr
      
    - name: Wait for ZooKeeper to start
      pause:
        seconds: 30
        
    - name: Start CLDB services on CLDB nodes
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node services -name cldb -action start
      register: start_cldb
      failed_when: start_cldb.rc != 0 and "already running" not in start_cldb.stderr
      
    - name: Wait for CLDB to start
      pause:
        seconds: 60
        
    - name: Start MFS services
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node services -name fileserver -action start
      register: start_services
      failed_when: start_services.rc != 0 and "already running" not in start_services.stderr

    - name: Start API server services
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node services -name apiserver -action start
      register: start_apiserver
      failed_when: start_apiserver.rc != 0 and "already running" not in start_apiserver.stderr
      ignore_errors: yes

    - name: Start webserver services
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node services -name webserver -action start
      register: start_webserver
      failed_when: start_webserver.rc != 0 and "already running" not in start_webserver.stderr
      ignore_errors: yes

    - name: Start additional services
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node services -name drill,hivemeta,hs2 -action start
      ignore_errors: yes

- name: Configure monitoring services
  hosts: mapr_webserver
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Start monitoring services
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node services -name collectd,opentsdb,grafana -action start
      ignore_errors: yes

- name: Configure Data Access Gateway
  hosts: mapr_datascience
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Start Data Access Gateway
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node services -name mapr-gateway -action start
      ignore_errors: yes

- name: Verify installation
  hosts: mapr_cldb[0]
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Check cluster status
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli dashboard info -json
      register: cluster_status
      become_user: mapr

    - name: Display cluster status
      debug:
        var: cluster_status.stdout
        
    - name: Check node status
      shell: /opt/mapr/server/maprcli node list -json
      register: node_status
      become_user: mapr

    - name: Display node status
      debug:
        var: node_status.stdout

Key updates for MapR 7.8 compared to 7.7:

1. Updated to MEP 10.1.0 (from 9.1.0 in 7.7)
2. Added proper time synchronization with Chrony (preferred over NTP in newer deployments)
3. Added the new API Server component that’s required in MapR 7.8
4. Added Data Science components including the Data Access Gateway
5. Improved system parameters tuning with more optimized values for 7.8
6. Updated paths to use /opt/mapr/server/maprcli instead of just maprcli for more reliability
7. Added additional system limits for MapR 7.8’s resource requirements
8. Added node status verification at the end of installation

Before running the playbook:

1. Adjust the disk definitions in the “Configure disks for MapR-FS” task to match your actual disk configuration
2. Set the cluster_name variable to your desired cluster name
3. Update mapr_security to “enabled” if you want a secure cluster
4. Create the chrony.conf.j2 template file in the same directory as your playbook

Run the playbook with:

bashCopyansible-playbook -i inventory.ini mapr_cluster_installation.yml

This playbook should successfully install MapR 7.8 on your 3-node cluster with all the necessary components and optimizations.Retry

[mapr_cluster:children]
mapr_cldb
mapr_zookeeper
mapr_webserver
mapr_hadoop
mapr_hbase
mapr_hive
mapr_spark
mapr_drill
mapr_datascience
mapr_ntp

[mapr_cldb]
node1.example.com
node2.example.com

[mapr_zookeeper]
node1.example.com
node2.example.com
node3.example.com

[mapr_webserver]
node1.example.com

[mapr_hadoop]
node1.example.com
node2.example.com
node3.example.com

[mapr_hbase]
node2.example.com
node3.example.com

[mapr_hive]
node2.example.com

[mapr_spark]
node3.example.com

[mapr_drill]
node3.example.com

[mapr_datascience]
node2.example.com

[mapr_ntp]
node1.example.com

The mapr_datascience group in the playbook refers to nodes that will have data science components installed. In the MapR 7.8 context, this includes:

1. mapr-data-access-gateway – This is a key component in MapR 7.8 that provides RESTful API access to MapR services and data. It allows data scientists and applications to interact with MapR data through REST APIs, which is particularly useful for:
   • Integration with Python, R, and other data science tools
   • Building web applications that need to access MapR data
   • Supporting microservices architecture that interacts with MapR
2. mapr-asynchbase – This is an asynchronous HBase client library that provides non-blocking access to HBase. It’s particularly useful for:
   • High-throughput applications that need to interact with HBase
   • Applications that need to perform many operations in parallel
   • Avoiding blocking I/O in data science applications

These packages create an environment more suitable for data scientists to work with MapR data using their preferred tools. The Data Access Gateway in particular is becoming increasingly important in modern MapR deployments as it enables easier integration with modern data science tools and workflows.

---
- name: Install Java on Red Hat 8 Nodes
  hosts: redhat_nodes
  become: yes
  tasks:
    - name: Ensure the system is up to date
      yum:
        name: '*'
        state: latest

    - name: Install OpenJDK 11
      yum:
        name: java-11-openjdk
        state: present

    - name: Install OpenJDK 11 Development Kit
      yum:
        name: java-11-openjdk-devel
        state: present

    - name: Set JAVA_HOME environment variable
      lineinfile:
        path: /etc/profile
        line: 'export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-11-openjdk'
        create: yes

    - name: Source /etc/profile to apply JAVA_HOME
      command: source /etc/profile


python3 -c "import jmespath; print(jmespath.__version__)"

Kong Gateway HA Setup Across Two Sites (Active-Active or Active-Passive)

To set up Kong Gateway in High Availability (HA) mode across two sites, each with two servers, you need a shared database, load balancing, and synchronization between sites.

---

🔹 Deployment Overview

🔹 2 Sites: Each site has 2 Kong nodes
🔹 Database: Shared PostgreSQL or Cassandra for synchronization
🔹 Load Balancer: Needed at each site for traffic distribution
🔹 Service Discovery: DNS or Consul for routing

---

🔹 Architecture Options

1️. Active-Active (Multi-Region Load Balancing)

• All four Kong nodes are active and share traffic
• Requires database replication between sites
• Needs global load balancing (GSLB)

2️. Active-Passive (Failover Setup)

• Site 1 is active, Site 2 is standby
• Failover handled by DNS or Load Balancer
• PostgreSQL in replication mode

---

 Step-by-Step Kong Gateway HA Setup

1️. Install Kong on All Nodes

Install Kong on all four servers across the two sites:

curl -Lo kong.rpm “https://download.konghq.com/gateway-3.x-rpm/kong-3.x.el7.amd64.rpm”

sudo yum install -y kong.rpm

or for Debian-based systems:

curl -Lo kong.deb “https://download.konghq.com/gateway-3.x-ubuntu/kong-3.x.all.deb”

sudo dpkg -i kong.deb

---

2️. Setup Shared Database (PostgreSQL Recommended)

 Install PostgreSQL on a separate database cluster
Enable replication between Site 1 and Site 2

On the primary DB node (Site 1):

sudo -u postgres psql

CREATE USER kong WITH PASSWORD ‘kongpass’;

CREATE DATABASE kong OWNER kong;

On all Kong nodes, update kong.conf:

database = postgres

pg_host = <DB-PRIMARY-IP>

pg_port = 5432

pg_user = kong

pg_password = kongpass

Then, run migrations (only once):

kong migrations bootstrap

On replica DB node (Site 2): Enable PostgreSQL replication.

---

3️. Start Kong on All Nodes

After configuring kong.conf, start Kong on all four nodes:

kong start

Verify the setup:

kong health

---

4️. Configure Load Balancing for Kong Nodes

Each site should have a local load balancer (e.g., Nginx, HAProxy, AWS ELB, or F5) that distributes traffic to Kong nodes.

 HAProxy Config:

frontend kong_frontend

    bind *:8000

    default_backend kong_backend

backend kong_backend

    balance roundrobin

    server kong1 <KONG_NODE1>:8000 check

    server kong2 <KONG_NODE2>:8000 check

For Active-Active, use GSLB or Anycast to balance across regions.

For Active-Passive, failover is managed by health checks.

---

5️. Synchronize Configuration Across Sites

Use Kong Config Sync to keep both sites in sync:

kong config db_export kong.yaml

scp kong.yaml site2:/etc/kong/kong.yaml

kong config db_import kong.yaml

Alternatively, use deck (DecK) for automated sync:

deck dump –output kong-config.yaml

deck sync –state kong-config.yaml

---

6️. Monitor & Maintain HA Setup

Use Prometheus, Grafana, or Kong Manager for monitoring.
Enable health checks:

curl -i http://<kong-ip&gt;:8001/status

Set up PostgreSQL monitoring to detect failover events.

---

🚀 Final Setup Summary

– 2 sites, 2 Kong nodes per site
– Shared PostgreSQL with replication
– Local Load Balancer for each site
– Global Load Balancer for Active-Active
–  Automated config sync using DecK

Why Snapshots Are NOT Ideal for Migration?

1. Snapshots stay within the same cluster – They cannot be directly copied to another cluster.
2. No built-in transfer mechanism – Snapshots are stored as metadata; you still need another tool (like DistCp) to move data.
3. Cannot directly restore on a different system – The target cluster must support the same snapshot system (e.g., HDFS or MapR-FS).

Best Way to Migrate Data Between Clusters

Use DistCp for large-scale data migration:

hadoop distcp -update hdfs://source-cluster/data hdfs://destination-cluster/data

or for cloud migration:

hadoop distcp hdfs://source/data s3a://bucket-name/

Create & Restore Snapshot (MapR-FS or HDFS)

hdfs dfsadmin -allowSnapshot /mydata
hdfs dfs -createSnapshot /mydata my_snapshot
hdfs dfs -restoreSnapshot /mydata/my_snapshot

DistCp for Data Migration

hadoop distcp -update -delete hdfs://source-cluster/data hdfs://destination-cluster/data

Here are a few steps you can try to resolve the issue:

1. Check Keystore and Truststore: Ensure that your keystore and truststore files are correctly set up and contain the necessary certificates. You can use the keytool command to inspect the contents of your keystore and truststore.
2. Set SSL Properties: Make sure you have set the necessary SSL properties in your Java code. For example:

java

System.setProperty(“javax.net.ssl.keyStore”, “path/to/keystore.jks”);

System.setProperty(“javax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword”, “keystorePassword”);

System.setProperty(“javax.net.ssl.trustStore”, “path/to/truststore.jks”);

System.setProperty(“javax.net.ssl.trustStorePassword”, “truststorePassword”);

3. Initialize SSLContext: Ensure that you are correctly initializing the SSLContext. Here’s an example:

java

SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance(“TLS”);

KeyManagerFactory kmf = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());

TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());

KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(“JKS”);

keyStore.load(new FileInputStream(“path/to/keystore.jks”), “keystorePassword”.toCharArray());

KeyStore trustStore = KeyStore.getInstance(“JKS”);

trustStore.load(new FileInputStream(“path/to/truststore.jks”), “truststorePassword”.toCharArray());

kmf.init(keyStore, “keystorePassword”.toCharArray());

tmf.init(trustStore);

sslContext.init(kmf.getKeyManagers(), tmf.getTrustManagers(), new SecureRandom());

4. Verify Certificate Entries: Ensure that the certificates in your keystore and truststore are correctly imported and have the necessary trust entries. You can refer to this guide for more details on importing certificates.
5. Custom TrustStore: If you are using a custom truststore, make sure it is correctly configured. You can find more information on using a custom truststore in Java here.

If you still encounter issues, please provide more details about your setup and any error messages you are receiving. This will help in diagnosing the problem more accurately.

A trustCertEntry in a Java KeyStore (JKS) is an entry that contains a trusted certificate, typically used to establish trust in SSL/TLS connections. Here’s a quick guide on how to add a trustCertEntry to your JKS:

1. Obtain the Certificate: Ensure you have the certificate file (usually with a .cer or .crt extension) that you want to add to the truststore.
2. Import the Certificate: Use the keytool command to import the certificate into your JKS. Here’s an example command:shkeytool -import -trustcacerts -alias mycert -file path/to/certificate.cer -keystore path/to/truststore.jks
   • -import: Specifies that you want to import a certificate.
   • -trustcacerts: Indicates that the certificate is a trusted CA certificate.
   • -alias mycert: Sets an alias for the certificate entry.
   • -file path/to/certificate.cer: Specifies the path to the certificate file.
   • -keystore path/to/truststore.jks: Specifies the path to the truststore file.
3. Verify the Entry: After importing the certificate, you can verify that it has been added to the truststore using the keytool -list command:shkeytool -list -keystore path/to/truststore.jks

---
- name: Deploy Kong Plugins
  hosts: kong_servers
  vars:
    plugin_configs_path: "/path/to/plugin/configs/"
  tasks:
    - name: Read JSON configuration files
      find:
        paths: "{{ plugin_configs_path }}"
        patterns: "*.json"
      register: json_files

    - name: Apply Kong plugins configuration
      uri:
        url: "http://localhost:8001/plugins/"
        method: POST
        body: "{{ lookup('file', item.path) | from_json }}"
        body_format: json
      with_items: "{{ json_files.files }}"
      register: plugin_results

    - name: Display results
      debug:
        var: plugin_results


second playbook

---
- name: Deploy Kong Rate Limiting Plugin
  hosts: localhost
  tasks:
    - name: Deploy Kong Rate Limiting Plugin
      uri:
        url: "http://localhost:8001/services/238feb34-597a-44c1-a797-5001ef0d2aba/plugins"
        method: POST
        headers:
          Content-Type: "application/json"
        body: "{{ lookup('file', 'rate_limit_plugin.json') }}"
        status_code: 201
        body_format: json



json file 


[root@instance-test-luks co]# more rate_limit_plugin.json 
{
  "name": "rate-limiting",
  "config": {
    "minute": 20,
    "hour": 100,
    "day": 2000
  }
}

integrate kong with cloudflare with mtls

Reasoned about Kong Cloudflare integration for 8 seconds

Integrating Kong with Cloudflare via mTLS

The user is asking about how to integrate Kong with Cloudflare using mTLS, which stands for mutual TLS. Kong is an API gateway, and the goal is to set up mTLS for secure communication with Cloudflare. This likely involves configuring Cloudflare as a reverse proxy for Kong. I’ll need to include steps for setting up mTLS on both ends, including cert management. The answer will detail how to configure mTLS in Cloudflare and how to handle it on the Kong side for a secure connection.

Configuring Kong and Cloudflare with mTLS

To integrate Kong with Cloudflare using mTLS, we need a few key steps. Cloudflare supports mTLS via its Zero Trust/Access solutions, and Kong can use mTLS for upstream services. Here’s a simplified approach:

1. Generate certificates (either Cloudflare’s Origin or client certificate).
2. On Kong’s end, configure the mTLS plugin or settings to verify the client certificate.
3. On Cloudflare, configure mTLS to forward certificates or use “Authenticated Origin Pulls” to validate requests with a client certificate from Cloudflare to Kong.

Below is an overview of how you can integrate Kong with Cloudflare using mutual TLS (mTLS) to secure the connection between Cloudflare (as your edge proxy) and Kong (as your API gateway):

---

1. Overview of the Integration

• Cloudflare Authenticated Origin Pulls:
  Cloudflare can be configured to present a client certificate when it connects to your origin server. This proves to your origin that the connection is coming through Cloudflare.
• Kong as the Origin:
  Kong (which runs on Nginx) can be configured to require and verify client certificates on incoming TLS connections. In this scenario, Kong will be set to trust only the client certificate (or its issuing CA) that Cloudflare uses.

The integration ensures that only requests that have passed through Cloudflare—and that present the proper client certificate—are accepted by Kong.

---

2. Prerequisites

• A Cloudflare account with your domain configured.
• Cloudflare’s Authenticated Origin Pulls enabled (this is available in your Cloudflare dashboard).
• A publicly trusted server certificate installed on Kong for its TLS listener.
• Administrative access to your Kong instance so you can modify TLS settings (via configuration file or custom Nginx snippets).

---

3. Enable Cloudflare Authenticated Origin Pulls

1. Activate Authenticated Origin Pulls in Cloudflare:
   In the Cloudflare dashboard, go to SSL/TLS → Edge Certificates and ensure that Authenticated Origin Pulls is turned on.
2. Download the Cloudflare Origin Pull CA Certificate:
   Cloudflare publishes a CA certificate that it uses to sign its client certificates for origin pulls. You can download it from Cloudflare’s documentation (typically named something like origin-pull-ca.pem).

---

4. Configure Kong to Require mTLS from Cloudflare

Since Kong uses Nginx as its underlying proxy, you can require client certificate verification by adjusting its TLS configuration. There are two common approaches:

A. Using a Custom Nginx Configuration Snippet in Kong

1. Locate or Create a Custom Nginx Snippet File:
   Depending on your Kong version, you can add custom configuration to Kong’s Nginx configuration (for example, using the nginx_http_ssl_verify_client directive).
2. Configure Client Certificate Verification:
   In your custom snippet (which might be included via Kong’s configuration file or a custom plugin), add directives similar to the following:# This snippet is applied to the HTTPS server block in Kong’s Nginx config ssl_verify_client on; ssl_client_certificate /path/to/cloudflare-origin-pull-ca.pem;
3. Reload Kong:
   After updating the configuration, reload or restart Kong so that the new settings take effect.

B. Configuring Kong (Enterprise) with Built-In mTLS Features

If you are using Kong Enterprise or a version that supports mTLS configuration natively for incoming connections, you can use its configuration options (or plugins) to require client certificates. Check the Kong documentation for any native mTLS support where you can specify a trusted CA.

---

5. Test the Setup

1. Verify the TLS Handshake:
   Use tools like OpenSSL’s s_client to simulate a connection to Kong and check that it requires a client certificate: openssl s_client -connect your-kong-host:443 -CAfile /path/to/cloudflare-origin-pull-ca.pem Without a proper client certificate, the handshake should fail.
2. Send a Request Through Cloudflare:
   Ensure that when Cloudflare forwards requests to Kong, it presents its client certificate and that Kong accepts the connection.
3. Monitor Kong Logs:
   Review Kong (or Nginx) logs to ensure that client certificate verification is working as expected.

---

6. Additional Considerations

• Certificate Management:
  Maintain and update your Cloudflare Origin Pull CA certificate on Kong when required (though Cloudflare’s published CA rarely changes).
• Fallback and Testing:
  During testing, you might want to temporarily set ssl_verify_client optional; so you can observe behavior without blocking all connections, then switch to on for production.
• Security and Performance:
  Ensure that all certificate files are stored securely on your Kong server and that proper file permissions are set.
• Documentation and Updates:
  Always refer to the latest Cloudflare documentation on Authenticated Origin Pulls and Kong documentation for any version-specific instructions.